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MyBatis初级实战之一:Spring Boot集成

sanyeah 2024-03-29 16:53:26 gitee 5 ℃ 0 评论

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MyBatis初级实战

《MyBatis初级实战》系列旨在通过一系列编码实战,和读者一起掌握MyBatis的基本用法,帮助初学者快速运用MyBatis参与实际开发;

聚焦MyBatis

《MyBatis初级实战》面向的是对MyBatis有兴趣的读者,向读者们提供可用的方案和代码,这里不是比较Hibernate、sqltoy-orm的地方,作者也十分认可这些ORM框架,但《MyBatis初级实战》不参与比较;

关于MyBatis

引自官方:MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架,它支持自定义 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。MyBatis 免除了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码以及设置参数和获取结果集的工作。MyBatis 可以通过简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原始类型、接口和 Java POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式 Java 对象)为数据库中的记录。

实战环境

《MyBatis初级实战》系列的环境信息如下:

  1. JDK:1.8.0_181
  2. mybatis-spring-boot-starter:2.1.3(对应的MyBatis:3.5.5)
  3. Spring Boot:2.3.2.RELEASE
  4. MySQL:5.7.29
  5. 实战环境:win10
  6. 开发工具:IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.1 (Ultimate Edition)

Spring Boot集成MyBatis常规步骤概览

Spring Boot集成MyBatis的常规步骤如下:

  1. maven中添加mybatis-spring-boot-starter的依赖;
  2. Spring Boot的配置中指定MyBatis配置文件的位置;
  3. Spring Boot的配置中指定MyBatis映射文件的位置;
  4. 添加MyBatis配置文件,后续MyBatis的常规配置集中在此;
  5. 映射文件xxxMapper.xml及其对应的接口文件;
  6. 业务代码中,Autowired注解修饰接口文件并使用;
  • 接下来开始实战,咱们先把数据准备好;

准备数据

  1. 请您自行准备好MySQL服务,我这边MySQL是部署在docker上的,可以参考《群晖DS218+部署mysql》;
  2. 创建名为mybatis的数据库;
  3. mybatis数据库下执行以下SQL,即可创建本次实战所需数据:
USE mybatis;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;

CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` int(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  `age` int(32) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;


DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `log`;

CREATE TABLE `log` (
  `id` int(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_id` int(32),
  `action` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `create_time` datetime not null,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO mybatis.user (id, name, age) VALUES (3, 'tom', 11);
INSERT INTO mybatis.log (id, user_id, action, create_time) VALUES (3, 3, 'read book', '2020-08-07 08:18:16');

源码下载

  1. 如果您不想编码,可以在GitHub下载所有源码,地址和链接信息如下表所示(https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos):
名称 链接 备注
项目主页 https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos 该项目在GitHub上的主页
git仓库地址(https) https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git 该项目源码的仓库地址,https协议
git仓库地址(ssh) git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git 该项目源码的仓库地址,ssh协议
  1. 这个git项目中有多个文件夹,本章的应用在mybatis文件夹下,如下图红框所示:

关于父子工程

为了整个系列的代码好管理,我这边用maven创建的是父子工程,如果您只要子工程,不需要父子结构,要对子工程的pom.xml做以下调整:

  1. parent节点原本如下:
<parent>
        <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

请替换成以下内容(也就是直接用>spring-boot-starter-parent作为父工程):

<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
  1. 子工程种的dependency节点中没有version子节点,这些都放在父工程的dependencyManagement中统一管理了,请您将version添加到子工程的各个dependency节点:

  • 接下来开始编码

创建父工程

创建名为mybatis的maven工程,pom.xml内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <modules>
        <module>simple</module>
    </modules>

    <dependencyManagement>

        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.3</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

    </dependencyManagement>

</project>
  • 至此,准备工作算是全部完成了,接下来咱们开始创建一个典型的Spring Boot集成MyBatis的项目吧;

Spring Boot集成MyBatis

  1. 在父工程mybatis之下新建名为simple的Spring Boot子工程,其pom.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
    <artifactId>simple</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>simple</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>
  1. Spring Boot配置文件是simple/src/main/resources/application.yml,内容如下:
server:
  port: 8080

spring:
  # 数据源
  datasource:
    username: root
    password: 123456
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.50.43:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true&serverTimezone=UTC
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

# mybatis配置
mybatis:
  # 配置文件所在位置
  config-location: classpath:mybatis-config.xml
  # 映射文件所在位置
  mapper-locations: classpath:mappers/*Mapper.xml

# 日志配置
logging:
  level:
    root: INFO
    com:
      bolingcavalry:
        simple:
          mapper: debug
  1. 新建user表对应的实体类User.java:
package com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity;

/**
 * @Description: 实体类
 * @author: willzhao E-mail: zq2599@gmail.com
 * @date: 2020/8/4 8:24
 */
public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}
  1. 新建log表对应的实体类Log.java:
package com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity;

import java.sql.Date;

/**
 * @Description: 实体类
 * @author: willzhao E-mail: zq2599@gmail.com
 * @date: 2020/8/4 8:24
 */
public class Log {
    private Integer id;
    private Integer userId;
    private String action;
    private Date createTime;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Integer getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    public String getAction() {
        return action;
    }

    public void setAction(String action) {
        this.action = action;
    }

    public Date getCreateTime() {
        return createTime;
    }

    public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
        this.createTime = createTime;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Log{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", userId=" + userId +
                ", action='" + action + '\'' +
                ", createTime=" + createTime +
                '}';
    }
}
  1. 接下来会新建三个配置文件,先来看下它们的位置,以免后面放错地方引起不必要的麻烦:


6. application.yml所在目录下,新增名为mybatis-config.xml的文件,这是mybatis的配置文件,本例很简单只有一个配置,内容如下:

<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <typeAliases>
        <!-- 映射文件中的类不用写全路径了-->
        <package name="com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity"/>
    </typeAliases>
</configuration>
  1. resources/mappers目录下,新增名为UserMapper.xml的文件,和user表相关的查询都在此,本文只有一个查询user表的操作,注意下文中的resultType等于User,这里没有写User类的完整路径,是因为前面mybatis-config.xml文件中配置了typeAliases的package节点的缘故:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper.UserMapper">
    <select id="sel" parameterType="int" resultType="User">
        select * from user where id = #{id}
    </select>
</mapper>
  1. 再新增LogMapper.xml,如下所示,log表中的user_id字段在Log.java中没有同名的字段,因此要新增resultMap来建立数据库和实体类的字段映射关系,再在select节点用上这个关系,注意要用resultMap属性(UserMapper.xml中用的是resultType):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper.LogMapper">

    <resultMap id="logResultMap" type="Log">
        <id property="id" column="id" />
        <result column="user_id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="userId" />
        <result column="action" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="action" />
        <result column="create_time" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" property="createTime" />
    </resultMap>

    <select id="sel" parameterType="int" resultMap="logResultMap">
        select * from log where id = #{id}
    </select>
</mapper>
  1. 接下来是业务要用到的接口文件,第一个是UserMapper.java:
package com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper;

import com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public interface UserMapper {
    User sel(int id);
}
  1. 第二个是LogMapper.java:
package com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper;

import com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity.Log;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public interface LogMapper {
    Log sel(int id);
}
  1. 上述两个类都使用了Repository注解,作用是避免在编码过程中,IDEA给出红线提示,如下图:


12. 映射配置完毕,接下来就可以在应用中使用了,先为user做一个service类UserService.java,里面通过Autowired注解注入UserMapper的实现:

package com.bolingcavalry.simple.service;

import com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity.User;
import com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper.UserMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    UserMapper userMapper;

    public User sel(int id){
        return userMapper.sel(id);
    }
}
  1. 再为log做service类LogService.java:
package com.bolingcavalry.simple.service;

import com.bolingcavalry.simple.entity.Log;
import com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper.LogMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class LogService {
    @Autowired
    LogMapper logMapper;

    public Log sel(int id){
        return logMapper.sel(id);
    }
}
  1. 最后是响应web请求的controller类,第一个是UserController.java:
package com.bolingcavalry.simple.controller;

import com.bolingcavalry.simple.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("user/{id}")
    public String GetUser(@PathVariable int id){
        return userService.sel(id).toString();
    }
}
  1. 然后是LogController.java:
package com.bolingcavalry.simple.controller;

import com.bolingcavalry.simple.service.LogService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class LogController {
    @Autowired
    private LogService logService;

    @RequestMapping("log/{id}")
    public String log(@PathVariable int id){
        return logService.sel(id).toString();
    }
}
  1. 最后是引导类SimpleApplication.java,注意MapperScan注解会自动扫描包路径下的所有接口,这样UserMapper和LogMapper就不用加Mapper注解了:
package com.bolingcavalry.simple;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.bolingcavalry.simple.mapper")
public class SimpleApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SimpleApplication.class, args);
    }
}
  • 至此,编码完成,可以启动验证了;

验证

  1. 启动SpringBoot应用的方式有两种,最简单的办法是再IDEA中直接启动,如下图:

  1. 第二种是simple的目录下执行mvn clean package -U,就会在target目录得到文件simple-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar,再执行java -jar simple-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar即可启动;
  2. 在浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/user/3,可以得到user表的查询结果:


4. 访问http://localhost:8080/log/3,可以得到log表的查询结果:


5. 在控制台可以看到日志如下所示,这是我们开发期间调试问题的重要线索:


至此,入门级SpringBoot集成MyBatis的实战就完成了,接下来的系列内容会有更多实战,咱们一起来学习和掌握MyBatis的基本用法;

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